Büssow H
Cell Tissue Res. 1980;206(3):367-78. doi: 10.1007/BF00237966.
The neuroglia in the retina and the intraocular portion of the optic nerve of the monkey and cat has been examined by light and electron microscopy. In the retina two types of macroglial cells can be distinguished: 1) Müller cells, and 2) astrocytes. The bipolar radial glial cells of Müller penetrate the entire thickness of the retina and their basal processes align in the nerve fibre layer to form septa that fasciculate the axons of the ganglion cells. In contrast to the Müller cells, the retinal astrocytes are not homogeneously distributed throughout the retina; their number correlates with the thickness of the nerve fibre layer. The processes of the astrocytes are confined to the ganglion cell layer and to the nerve fibre layer. In the latter, the astrocytic processes run parallel to and between the axons of a given nerve fibre bundle. According to cytological criteria, the retinal astrocytes are protoplasmic. In the intraocular portion of the optic nerve, however, the astrocytes are fibrous and their processes run perpendicular to the axon bundles of the prelaminar portion of the optic nerve. Thus, because of their intimate morphological relationship to axons of the nerve fibre layer and the intraocular portion of the optic nerve, the astrocytes in the eye of the monkey and the cat may be considered as a special glia for the axons of ganglion cells.
已通过光学显微镜和电子显微镜对猴和猫视网膜及视神经眼内段的神经胶质进行了检查。在视网膜中可区分出两种类型的大胶质细胞：1）穆勒细胞，2）星形胶质细胞。穆勒细胞的双极放射状胶质细胞贯穿视网膜的整个厚度，其基底突起在神经纤维层排列形成隔膜，使神经节细胞的轴突成束。与穆勒细胞不同，视网膜星形胶质细胞在整个视网膜中分布不均匀；其数量与神经纤维层的厚度相关。星形胶质细胞的突起局限于神经节细胞层和神经纤维层。在后者中，星形胶质细胞的突起与给定神经纤维束的轴突平行并在其之间延伸。根据细胞学标准，视网膜星形胶质细胞为原浆性。然而，在视神经的眼内段，星形胶质细胞为纤维性，其突起垂直于视神经层前部分的轴突束。因此，由于猴和猫眼中的星形胶质细胞与神经纤维层及视神经眼内段的轴突存在密切的形态学关系，可将其视为神经节细胞轴突的一种特殊神经胶质。
