Cardiogenic shock.

The definition, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of cardiogenic shock are presented. Its management is detailed, including specific forms of therapy for the various subgroups of patients in whom cardiogenic shock is an integral part. The choice of patients for and results of circulatory support using the intra-aortic balloon pump followed by early cardiac surgery are presented. The importance of treating hypovolemia, when present, and recognizing cardiogenic shock, a result of right ventricular infarction, is stressed. Early and late prognoses are given. Although the prognosis still remains grave, early aggressive therapy along the lines outlined often succeeds in reducing a mortality rate that otherwise is unacceptably high.