Siber G R
Am J Dis Child. 1980 Jul;134(7):668-72. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1980.02130190036009.
Nine Haemophilus influenzae and 24 Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremias occurring in children with cancer during the years 1968 to 1977 were reviewed. The number of bacteremias due to these organisms remained relatively constant, in contrast with a sharp decrease in bacteremias caused by other organisms during this period. The highest incidence of bacteremia occurred in patients with acute leukemias and the lowest incidence in patients with solid tumors. Twenty-seven of 33 episodes occurred while patients were receiving chemotherapy. Nine bacteremias were fatal, but concurrent or superinfections contributed to death in six of these. Children with cancer who are receiving chemotherapy seem to be at higher risk of bacteremia and meningitis due to H influenzae and Strep pneumoniae than are normal children. New approaches to the prevention of these infections, such as the use of bacterial polysaccharide vaccines, deserve investigation.
回顾了1968年至1977年间癌症患儿发生的9例流感嗜血杆菌和24例肺炎链球菌菌血症。与这段时期其他病原体引起的菌血症急剧减少形成对比的是，这些病原体导致的菌血症数量保持相对稳定。菌血症发病率最高的是急性白血病患者，而实体瘤患者的发病率最低。33次发作中有27次发生在患者接受化疗期间。9例菌血症是致命的，但其中6例的死亡是由并发感染或二重感染所致。接受化疗的癌症患儿似乎比正常儿童因流感嗜血杆菌和肺炎链球菌而发生菌血症和脑膜炎的风险更高。预防这些感染的新方法，如使用细菌多糖疫苗，值得研究。
