Rall J E
Prog Clin Biol Res. 1981;74:29-43.
Radiation can cause cancer of the thyroid, and the thyroid is one of the most radiosensitive tissues. Children are much more sensitive to thyroid irradiation than are adults. The effectiveness of thyroid iodination from radioisotopes of iodine is largely a function of the half-life of the isotope. Short-lived isotopes (132I), which give a high dose rate, are essentially equivalent, rad for rad, to x-irradiation. Long-lived isotopes (131I) are one-fifth or less as effective as x-ray. Stimulation of the thyroid by TSH markedly increases the carcinogenic potential of thyroid irradiation, and inhibition of TSH stimulation probably decreases the carcinogenic effects of radiation.
辐射可导致甲状腺癌，而甲状腺是对辐射最敏感的组织之一。儿童对甲状腺辐射的敏感性远高于成人。碘的放射性同位素进行甲状腺碘化的效果在很大程度上取决于该同位素的半衰期。半衰期短的同位素（132I），其剂量率高，每拉德的辐射基本上与X射线照射等效。半衰期长的同位素（131I）的效果仅为X射线的五分之一或更低。促甲状腺激素（TSH）对甲状腺的刺激会显著增加甲状腺辐射的致癌潜力，而抑制TSH刺激可能会降低辐射的致癌作用。
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