Powell D C, Bivins B A, Bell R M
Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1982 Aug;155(2):257-64.
From the preceding review, it can be seen that diagnostic peritoneal lavage is a safe, reliable means of evaluating the various acute conditions of the abdomen. Patients who have sustained, blunt trauma of the abdomen, particularly with associated injuries, are prime candidates for the procedure. Children who have sustained injuries, either suspected abdominal injuries or multiple trauma, should be included. Other groups include paraplegic patients with possible abdominal disease and patients with findings which are suggestive of an acute condition of the abdomen but an uncertain diagnosis. Relative contraindications for peritoneal lavage include a distended abdomen, a history of previous surgical procedures of the abdomen and gravid uterus. Peritoneal lavage may be performed upon these patients but with modifications of technique. Patients for whom the diagnosis is certain and those patients upon whom exploration is planned are not candidates for lavage. Peritoneal lavage has been shown to be an effective adjunct in the evaluation of the abdomen in a wide variety of conditions. Its use has decreased the rate of unnecessary laparotomy both in patients with blunt trauma to the abdomen and in those with nontraumatic, acute disease of the abdomen. It can be used to arrive at an early decision for operative and nonoperative therapy and thereby reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with abdominal disease.
从上述综述可以看出，诊断性腹腔灌洗是评估各种腹部急症的一种安全、可靠的方法。腹部遭受钝性创伤的患者，尤其是伴有其他损伤的患者，是该检查的主要对象。遭受损伤的儿童，无论是疑似腹部损伤还是多发伤，都应包括在内。其他人群包括可能患有腹部疾病的截瘫患者以及有提示腹部急症但诊断不明确表现的患者。腹腔灌洗的相对禁忌证包括腹胀、既往有腹部手术史和妊娠子宫。这些患者可以进行腹腔灌洗，但需对技术进行改进。诊断明确的患者以及计划进行探查的患者不适合进行灌洗。腹腔灌洗已被证明在评估多种情况下的腹部时是一种有效的辅助手段。它的应用降低了腹部钝性创伤患者和非创伤性腹部急性疾病患者不必要的剖腹手术率。它可用于尽早决定手术和非手术治疗，从而降低腹部疾病患者的发病率和死亡率。
