Rutkow I M
Surg Clin North Am. 1982 Aug;62(4):613-25. doi: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)42782-9.
The lack of a precise definition as to what unnecessary surgery really means continues to be a significant problem. The most accurate statement of the problem appears to be that unnecessary surgery exists, but its true scope is yet to be determined. Further research on health services must be devised before all of the questions concerning unnecessary surgery can be answered.