Pathogenesis of the uremic syndrome.

Uremia is the last of four progressive stages of renal disease. Symptoms are referable to major organ systems and appear to be intensified by high intake of crude dietary protein. In many respects uremia resembles systemic poisoning from a toxic substance, and many chemicals are now suspected, but not proved, to be causative agents. The hypometabolism and low body temperature commonly seen in advanced uremia could result from alterations in cellular sodium transport. These changes can be reversed by hemodialysis or renal transplantation.