Riggs T W, Paul M H
Am J Cardiol. 1982 Dec;50(6):1380-4. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(82)90478-7.
Two-dimensional echocardiographic prospective diagnosis of truncus arteriosus was made in 7 infants. Two infants had truncus arteriosus type I, 3 patients had truncus arteriosus type II, 1 infant had truncal valve stenosis with an interrupted aortic arch, and 1 had type IV truncus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension. Multiple imaging views were utilized to confirm the diagnosis. The parasternal long-axis view demonstrated the great vessel-ventricular septal override and the origin of the pulmonary arteries from the posterior aspect of the ascending truncus. The suprasternal notch image facilitated identification of the left- or right-side aortic arch and the origin of the pulmonary arteries from the truncus. Transverse imaging sections at the base of the heart facilitated identification of the pulmonary artery origin of truncus arteriosus type I. Subcostal coronal and sagittal views imaged the common truncus and the ventricular septal defect. These echocardiographic images were contrasted with and discriminated from those of an infant with aorticopulmonary window with intact ventricular septum. Although cardiac catheterization and angiography may be required to assess pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and the distal pulmonary arterial anatomy in truncus arteriosus, 2-dimensional echocardiography can be used to correctly establish the morphologic diagnosis of truncus arteriosus in infants.
7例婴儿通过二维超声心动图前瞻性诊断为永存动脉干。2例婴儿为I型永存动脉干，3例为II型永存动脉干，1例为动脉干瓣膜狭窄合并主动脉弓中断，1例为IV型永存动脉干合并肺动脉高压。采用多个成像视图来确诊。胸骨旁长轴视图显示了大血管-室间隔骑跨以及肺动脉从升主动脉干后壁发出。胸骨上切迹图像有助于识别左侧或右侧主动脉弓以及肺动脉从动脉干发出的情况。心脏基部的横向成像切面有助于识别I型永存动脉干的肺动脉起源。肋下冠状面和矢状面视图可对共同动脉干和室间隔缺损进行成像。这些超声心动图图像与室间隔完整的主肺动脉窗婴儿的图像进行了对比和区分。虽然可能需要心脏导管检查和血管造影来评估永存动脉干的肺动脉压力、肺血管阻力和远端肺动脉解剖结构，但二维超声心动图可用于正确确立婴儿永存动脉干的形态学诊断。
