Kaneff A, Stephanoff A
Gegenbaurs Morphol Jahrb. 1982;128(5):690-701.
The authors have analysed the variations of the M. extensor hallucis longus in man from the standpoint of evolutionary myology. The variations of the muscle indicate that in modern man it has transformed itself in the medially as well as in the laterally direction. Consequently it forms 2 new muscles: M. extensor hallucis longus accessorius medialis and M. extensor hallucis longus accessorius lateralis. The reorganization in the medial direction is phylogenetically older than that in the lateral direction. Of all primates these 2 muscles appear only in man representing a new acquisition. The new additional muscles and their transitional forms can be found independently and also together in various combinations. The additional tendons and muscles widen the insertion of the M. extensor hallucis longus medially and laterally. The authors emphasize that the reorganization in the medial direction is independent from that in the lateral direction.
作者从进化肌学的角度分析了人类拇长伸肌的变异情况。该肌肉的变异表明，在现代人中，它在内侧和外侧方向都发生了转变。因此，它形成了两块新肌肉：拇长伸肌内侧副肌和拇长伸肌外侧副肌。内侧方向的重组在系统发育上比外侧方向的更古老。在所有灵长类动物中，这两块肌肉仅出现在人类身上，代表了一种新的获得物。新的附加肌肉及其过渡形式可以单独发现，也可以以各种组合形式共同出现。附加肌腱和肌肉在内侧和外侧拓宽了拇长伸肌的附着点。作者强调，内侧方向的重组与外侧方向的重组是相互独立的。
