Johansson J, Ost L G
Biofeedback Self Regul. 1982 Dec;7(4):435-42. doi: 10.1007/BF00998883.
It is argued that in order to optimize the achievement of self-control and to evaluate the clinical effects of biofeedback three skills should be included in training and assessment, namely: (1) the ability of voluntary control with external feedback, (2) the ability of voluntary control without external feedback, and (3) the ability to apply the self-control skill in critical situations in everyday life. A review of the literature concerning temperature-biofeedback in the treatment of migraine headaches shows that the research from this point of view is in a rather poor state of affairs and that no definite conclusion can in fact be drawn about the degree of self-control which has been achieved and hence of the ultimate clinical value of biofeedback.
有人认为，为了优化自我控制的实现并评估生物反馈的临床效果，训练和评估应包括三项技能，即：（1）有外部反馈时的自主控制能力，（2）无外部反馈时的自主控制能力，以及（3）在日常生活的关键情况下应用自我控制技能的能力。一项关于温度生物反馈治疗偏头痛的文献综述表明，从这一角度进行的研究现状相当糟糕，实际上无法就已实现的自我控制程度以及生物反馈的最终临床价值得出明确结论。
