Mielke H, Koblenz C
Arch Exp Veterinarmed. 1981;35(1):1-18.
Macrophages of cow milk are part of the mononucleic phagocyte system. Most of them are histiocytes which are transferred from udder tissue into milk at various stages of activity. They are variable in shape, size, and number and have certain defence and purification functions in the milk. Transformation in milk of lymphocytes to macrophages are considered possible. No hard evidence has been produced, as yet, to the repeatedly produced by means of optical light microscopy to close conglomeration of macrophages and lymphocytes in milk, which is interpreted as macrophage-lymphocyte interaction, as in immunoreactive processes. Cows with clinically intact udders were found to have in their milk between 17 and 20 per cent of macrophages, 37 or 38 per cent of polymorphonucleic leucocytes, between 13 and 20 per cent of lymphocytes as well as between 26 and 32 per cent of non-differentiable cells and cell fragments. The repair phase of acute mastitis was found to be associated with drastic decrease of milk cell counts, along with percentual rise in macrophages, caused mainly by reduction in polymorphonucleic leucocytes in the milk. With subclinical and chronic mastitis, the percentage of macrophages was found to be increased, particularly due to streptococcal infection.
牛奶中的巨噬细胞是单核吞噬细胞系统的一部分。它们大多数是组织细胞，在不同活动阶段从乳腺组织转移到牛奶中。它们的形状、大小和数量各不相同，在牛奶中具有一定的防御和净化功能。淋巴细胞在牛奶中转化为巨噬细胞被认为是可能的。然而，到目前为止，尚未有确凿证据能证明通过光学显微镜反复观察到的牛奶中巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞紧密聚集的现象（这一现象被解释为巨噬细胞与淋巴细胞的相互作用，如同免疫反应过程中那样）。研究发现，临床乳房无损伤的奶牛所产牛奶中，巨噬细胞占17%至20%，多形核白细胞占37%或38%，淋巴细胞占13%至20%，以及不可区分的细胞和细胞碎片占26%至32%。急性乳腺炎的修复阶段与牛奶细胞计数的急剧下降有关，同时巨噬细胞的百分比上升，这主要是由于牛奶中多形核白细胞数量减少所致。对于亚临床和慢性乳腺炎，发现巨噬细胞的百分比会增加，尤其是由链球菌感染引起的情况。
