Fleming W J, Bradbury S P
J Toxicol Environ Health. 1981 Nov-Dec;8(5-6):885-97. doi: 10.1080/15287398109530123.
Oral doses of the organophosphorus pesticides acephate, dicrotophos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, and parathion were administered to mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos), and brain and plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activities were determined for up to 17 d after dosing. In vivo recovery of brain ChE activity to within 2 standard deviations of the mean activity of undosed birds occurred within 8 d, after being depressed an average of 25-58% at 24 h after dosing. In vivo recovery of plasma ChE appeared as fast as or faster than that of brain, but the pattern of recovery was more erratic and therefore statistical comparison with brain ChE recovery was not attempted. In vitro tests indicated that the potential for dephosphorylation to contribute to in vivo recovery of inhibited brain ChE differed among chemical treatments. Some ducklings died as a result of organophosphate dosing. In an experiment in which ducklings within each treatment group received the same dose (mg/kg), the brain ChE activity in birds that died was less than that in birds that survived. Brain ChE activities in ducklings that died were significantly different among pesticide treatments: fensulfothion greater than parathion greater than acephate greater than malathion (p less than or equal to 0.05).
给绿头鸭雏鸭（绿头鸭）口服有机磷农药乙酰甲胺磷、百治磷、丰索磷、地虫硫磷、马拉硫磷和对硫磷，并在给药后长达17天测定其脑和血浆胆碱酯酶（ChE）活性。给药后24小时，脑ChE活性平均降低25%-58%，在8天内，脑ChE活性在体内恢复到未给药鸟类平均活性的2个标准差范围内。血浆ChE在体内的恢复似乎与脑一样快或更快，但恢复模式更不稳定，因此未尝试与脑ChE恢复进行统计学比较。体外试验表明，化学处理之间，去磷酸化对抑制的脑ChE体内恢复的贡献潜力不同。一些雏鸭因有机磷给药而死亡。在每个处理组的雏鸭接受相同剂量（mg/kg）的实验中，死亡鸟类的脑ChE活性低于存活鸟类。不同农药处理导致死亡的雏鸭脑ChE活性存在显著差异：丰索磷大于对硫磷大于乙酰甲胺磷大于马拉硫磷（p≤0.05）。
