Yogev R, Davis A T
Childs Brain. 1980;6(2):74-81. doi: 10.1159/000119888.
Shunt infections occur in 6-25% of hydrocephalic patients with shunts. Although Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus cause the majority of such infections, enteric bacteria account for at least 10-15%. The clinical presentation in most patients is nonspecific. Most investigators agree that the entire infected shunt should be removed before antibiotic therapy is initiated. The choice of an antibiotic should be guided by in vitro susceptibility of the etiologic agent, and the ability of the drug to pass the blood-brain barrier. The efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in reducing shunt infections is controversial.
分流感染发生在6%-25%的脑积水行分流术患者中。虽然表皮葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌引起了此类感染的大部分，但肠道细菌至少占10%-15%。大多数患者的临床表现是非特异性的。大多数研究者一致认为，在开始抗生素治疗之前应移除整个感染的分流装置。抗生素的选择应以病原体的体外药敏试验以及药物通过血脑屏障的能力为指导。预防性使用抗生素在减少分流感染方面的疗效存在争议。
