Emori T G, Haley R W, Stanley R C
Am J Epidemiol. 1980 May;111(5):592-607. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112936.
Within the past decade, the infection control nurse (ICN) has become an important element in organized infection surveillance and control programs. Before 1970, only a few hospitals (6%) had an ICN, but, by 1977, over 80% had hired at least one ICN, the majority of those hospitals having done so since 1973. To determine the characteristics of the position and its occupant, the authors analyzed data from interviews with a representative sample of ICNs from 347 hospitals nationwide, conducted in 1976-1977 as part of Phase II of the Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control (SENIC Project), the Hospital Interview Survey. Results varied most widely by hospital size. The ICN in the smaller hospitals (less than or equal to 300 beds) typically worked only part time in infection control, spending the rest of her or his time as a nursing supervisor. The ICN in the larger hospitals (greater than 300 beds) generally worked full time but actually worked less time in relation to the number of beds; she or he also had completed a higher level of nursing education and had attended more infection control courses. The ICN was typically a woman in the young or middle age group who had worked in her current hospital six years altogether--two of them in infection control--and was receiving a supervisor's salary. Most ICNs were under the Nursing Service Department but generally looked to the physician in the infection control program for advice or supervision.
在过去十年中，感染控制护士已成为有组织的感染监测与控制项目的重要组成部分。1970年前，仅有少数医院（6%）设有感染控制护士，但到1977年，超过80%的医院至少雇佣了一名感染控制护士，其中大多数医院自1973年起就已如此。为确定该职位及其任职者的特点，作者分析了1976 - 1977年对全国347家医院的感染控制护士代表性样本进行访谈所得的数据，此次访谈是医院感染控制效果研究（SENIC项目）第二阶段医院访谈调查的一部分。结果因医院规模差异最大。规模较小的医院（床位小于或等于300张）的感染控制护士通常仅兼职从事感染控制工作，其余时间担任护理主管。规模较大的医院（床位大于300张）的感染控制护士一般全职工作，但相对于床位数而言实际工作时间较少；其接受的护理教育水平更高，参加的感染控制课程也更多。感染控制护士通常是年轻或中年女性，在其当前医院总共工作了六年——其中两年从事感染控制工作——且领取主管级别的薪水。大多数感染控制护士隶属于护理服务部门，但在感染控制项目中通常向医生寻求建议或监督。
