The typing of fetal antigen 2 in human amniotic fluid.

Fetal antigen 2 (FA-2) has been identified in amniotic fluid and shown to be of fetal origin. In this study we have extended previous observations on FA-2 heterogeneity with respect to both size and charge using gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, non-dissociating polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. From the diversity of forms we have been able to define two principal FA-2 types, type A and type B. Type A has a high molecular mass (140 kDa), has subunits of 33 kDa and 29 kDa, and elutes at approximately 0.27 mol/l sodium chloride from diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Sephacel. Type B has the same mass and subunits as type A, but elutes at approximately 0.24 mol/l sodium chloride from DEAE-Sephacel. Other low molecular mass forms of FA-2 have also been identified. All FA-2 forms described were shown to be common to all amniotic fluid samples studied and were not attributable to artefacts of collection or storage. It was also demonstrated that the recently described FA-2 RIA is specific for FA-2 types A and B and the conversion of arbitrary units FA-2 into micrograms applies to type A. The typing is discussed with respect to (i) the aminopropeptide of the alpha 1 chain of human procollagen type I, (ii) the 24 kDa phosphoprotein in developing bone and (iii) fetal calf ligament protein 1 (FCL-1), suggesting that they are the same protein.