Kollia H B, Gracco V L, Harris K S
Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1995 Sep;98(3):1313-24. doi: 10.1121/1.413468.
It has been shown that articulator movements during speech are adjusted along a number of spatiotemporal dimensions. For example, variations in the extent of lip, jaw, or tongue motion are associated with proportional changes in the respective articulators' peak velocity. Modifications in the timing of lip and jaw actions are apparently constrained, exhibiting relative timing covariation. Syllable prominence systematically affects some combination of the articular motion parameters, i.e., extent, speed, and duration. The present investigation is an attempt to extend observations of the spatiotemporal properties of articulator movement to include the velum. Lip, jaw, and velar kinematics were recorded optoelectronically and simultaneously with the acoustic signal during productions of the utterance/mabnab/. The spatial and temporal relations between the lips, the jaw, and the velum were examined and compared across articulators. For movements associated with each syllable, the velum displayed scaling pattern qualitatively similar to those of the lips and jaw. Moreover, velocity-displacement relations were more robust for the lowering than for the raising movements of the velum. There was evidence of interarticulator coupling between the velum and the jaw, and between the velum and the upper lip, although this coupling was not as strong as that observed among the oral articulators. Articulator specific differences in velocity-displacement correlations and degree of interarticulator cohesion for the various movement phases may be related to a combination of aerodynamic and phonetic factors, such as the phonologically noncontrastive nature of nasalization in English.
研究表明，言语过程中发音器官的运动是沿着多个时空维度进行调整的。例如，嘴唇、下颌或舌头运动幅度的变化与相应发音器官峰值速度的比例变化相关。嘴唇和下颌动作时间的改变显然受到限制，呈现出相对的时间协变。音节重音系统地影响关节运动参数的某种组合，即幅度、速度和持续时间。本研究试图将发音器官运动时空特性的观察扩展到软腭。在发出/mabnab/这个话语时，用光电方式同时记录了嘴唇、下颌和软腭的运动学以及声学信号。研究了嘴唇、下颌和软腭之间的空间和时间关系，并在不同发音器官之间进行了比较。对于与每个音节相关的运动，软腭呈现出与嘴唇和下颌在质量上相似的缩放模式。此外，软腭下降运动的速度 - 位移关系比上升运动更为稳定。有证据表明软腭与下颌之间以及软腭与上唇之间存在发音器官间的耦合，尽管这种耦合不如在口腔发音器官之间观察到的那么强。不同运动阶段发音器官在速度 - 位移相关性和发音器官间凝聚程度上的差异可能与空气动力学和语音因素的组合有关，比如英语中鼻化在语音学上的非对比性本质。
