Craig J C, Evans P M
Department of Psychology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Percept Psychophys. 1995 May;57(4):511-8. doi: 10.3758/bf03213076.
The presentation of a nontarget stimulus to one fingerpad interferes with the identification of a target stimulus presented to a second fingerpad. This interference has been attributed to a failure of selective attention and, more specifically, to the nontarget's eliciting a competing response. In the present study, the temporal interval between the target and nontarget was varied to determine the extent to which a nontarget primes a competing response. The results showed more interference when the nontarget was presented after the target than when it was presented before the target. Although still consistent with a response-competition explanation, this result offered no support for a priming explanation. The function relating the amount of interference to the temporal separation between the target and nontarget was similar to the functions obtained in studies of temporal masking, and this prompted a second experiment in which temporal masking was examined. These results, obtained with stimuli presented to the same fingerpad, indicate that response competition may be a major factor in temporal masking and that similar processes are involved in temporal masking and selective attention.
向一个指腹呈现非目标刺激会干扰对呈现给另一个指腹的目标刺激的识别。这种干扰被归因于选择性注意的失败，更具体地说，是由于非目标引发了竞争性反应。在本研究中，改变目标和非目标之间的时间间隔，以确定非目标引发竞争性反应的程度。结果显示，当非目标在目标之后呈现时，干扰比在目标之前呈现时更多。尽管这一结果仍与反应竞争的解释一致，但它并未支持启动效应的解释。将干扰量与目标和非目标之间的时间间隔相关联的函数，类似于在时间掩蔽研究中获得的函数，这促使进行了第二个实验，在该实验中对时间掩蔽进行了研究。这些用呈现给同一指腹的刺激所获得的结果表明，反应竞争可能是时间掩蔽的一个主要因素，并且时间掩蔽和选择性注意涉及相似的过程。
