Waldum H L, Brenna E, Kleveland P M, Sandvik A K
Institute of Cancer Research, University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
Dig Dis. 1995 Jan-Feb;13(1):25-38. doi: 10.1159/000171484.
Gastrin plays a central role in the regulation of acid secretion. It is released by meals in quantities sufficient to explain meal-stimulated acid secretion. Gastrin stimulates acid secretion mainly by releasing histamine from the enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell. Whether gastrin has any functional direct effect on the parietal cell remains to be shown. Gastrin stimulates not only the function but also the growth of the ECL cell, and long-term hypergastrinemia may lead to ECL cell carcinoids. The role of the ECL cell in human gastric carcinogenesis is controversial, but it seems wise to avoid long-term iatrogen hypergastrinemia especially in young persons. Interestingly, the oxyntic mucosal D cell, on which gastrin has a negative trophic effect, may play a role in gastric stump carcinoma, and thus hypogastrinemia may also dispose to gastric cancer.
胃泌素在胃酸分泌调节中起核心作用。进食后胃泌素的释放量足以解释进食刺激引起的胃酸分泌。胃泌素主要通过从肠嗜铬样（ECL）细胞释放组胺来刺激胃酸分泌。胃泌素对壁细胞是否有任何功能性直接作用仍有待证实。胃泌素不仅刺激ECL细胞的功能，还刺激其生长，长期高胃泌素血症可能导致ECL细胞类癌。ECL细胞在人类胃癌发生中的作用存在争议，但避免长期医源性高胃泌素血症似乎是明智的，尤其是在年轻人中。有趣的是，胃泌素对其有负性营养作用的泌酸黏膜D细胞可能在胃残端癌中起作用，因此低胃泌素血症也可能易患胃癌。
