Lemière C, Charpin D, Vervloet D
Service de Pneumo-allergologie, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille.
Rev Mal Respir. 1995;12(3):231-9.
General reviews about occupational asthma divide the susceptible allergens capable of initiating asthma into two distinct groups: those of high and of low molecular weight. Atopy would be a risk factor for developing occupational asthma to high molecular weight allergens but not to those of low molecular weight. In this work we have examined several studies and have analysed in a critical manner the relationship which exists between atopy and occupational asthma. The high molecular weight allergens studied were: snow crabs, laboratory animals, flour, proteolytic enzymes and psyllium. Those of low molecular weight were: red cedar, isocyanates, phthalic anhydride. Amongst allergens of high molecular weight there is a undeniable relationship between atopy and sensitisation to the allergen incriminated. However, the relation between atopy and asthma is more debatable except for baker's asthma. For more allergens of low molecular weight, atopy does not seem to favour the appearance of asthma, however, it may play a role in the occurrence of asthma to red cedar. The difference between the two groups of allergens is not as clear-cut as in the work that has appeared up until now and the exclusion of atopics from being hired would appear excessive.
高分子量和低分子量的过敏原。特应性可能是对高分子量过敏原而非低分子量过敏原发生职业性哮喘的一个风险因素。在这项工作中，我们查阅了多项研究，并以批判性的方式分析了特应性与职业性哮喘之间存在的关系。所研究的高分子量过敏原包括：雪蟹、实验动物、面粉、蛋白水解酶和车前草籽。低分子量的过敏原包括：红雪松、异氰酸酯、邻苯二甲酸酐。在高分子量过敏原中，特应性与对所涉过敏原的致敏之间存在不可否认的关系。然而，除了面包师哮喘外，特应性与哮喘之间的关系更具争议性。对于更多的低分子量过敏原，特应性似乎并不利于哮喘的出现，不过，它可能在对红雪松的哮喘发生中起作用。这两组过敏原之间的差异并不像迄今为止已发表的研究那样明确，将特应性个体排除在雇佣之外似乎有些过分。
