Levi F, La Vecchia C, Lucchini F, Negri E, Boyle P
Registre vaudois des tumeurs, Institut universitaire de médecine sociale et préventive, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Eur J Cancer. 1995;31A(5):771-82. doi: 10.1016/0959-8049(94)00534-c.
Age-standardised mortality rates for childhood cancers for the calendar period 1950-1989 were reviewed for 22 countries (Canada, U.S.A., 10 Latin American countries or territories, Egypt, seven countries or territories from Asia, Australia and New Zealand) using data from the World Health Organization database. The highest mortality rates (between 6 and 7.5/100,000 boys, between 5 and 6/10,000 girls) for all childhood neoplasms were registered in Latin American countries (Uruguay, Cuba, Argentina, Costa Rica), Kuwait, New Zealand and Singapore. Rates were low in most developed countries, such as Canada, U.S.A., Australia, Japan and Israel (3.5 to 4.5/100,000). The pattern was similar for leukaemias, which account for approximately 50% of all childhood cancer mortality. From the 1960s onwards, a 50% decline in childhood cancer mortality was observed in the U.S.A. and Canada, and substantial declines were also observed in other developed countries, such as Australia, Israel and Japan. The pattern was much less favourable for other areas of the world, including Latin America and a few countries from Asia for which there were data. These declines in childhood cancer mortality are essentially attributable to improved management of the disease. The delay observed in the decline in mortality for most developing countries emphasises the scope and the importance of extending adequate treatments for childhood cancers to these areas of the world.
利用世界卫生组织数据库的数据，对22个国家（加拿大、美国、10个拉丁美洲国家或地区、埃及、7个亚洲国家或地区、澳大利亚和新西兰）1950 - 1989年期间儿童癌症的年龄标准化死亡率进行了回顾。所有儿童肿瘤的最高死亡率（男孩为6至7.5/10万，女孩为5至6/10万）出现在拉丁美洲国家（乌拉圭、古巴、阿根廷、哥斯达黎加）、科威特、新西兰和新加坡。在大多数发达国家，如加拿大、美国、澳大利亚、日本和以色列，死亡率较低（3.5至4.5/10万）。白血病的情况类似，白血病约占所有儿童癌症死亡人数的50%。从20世纪60年代起，美国和加拿大的儿童癌症死亡率下降了50%，其他发达国家，如澳大利亚、以色列和日本也有大幅下降。对于世界其他地区，包括拉丁美洲和有数据的一些亚洲国家，情况则不太乐观。儿童癌症死亡率的这些下降主要归因于疾病管理的改善。大多数发展中国家在死亡率下降方面出现延迟，这凸显了将儿童癌症的充分治疗扩展到世界这些地区的范围和重要性。
