Madeline L A, Elster A D
Department of Radiology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1022, USA.
Radiology. 1995 Sep;196(3):747-56. doi: 10.1148/radiology.196.3.7644639.
To chronicle the development of ossification centers, sutures, and synchondroses in the chondrocranium throughout childhood by using computed tomography (CT).
One hundred eighty-nine children (age range, newborn to 18 years; median age, 4.0 years) without skull base deformity were referred for cranial CT. The closure of 18 sutures and synchondroses was graded.
In the occipital bone at birth, six components were identified. The Kerckring ossicle rapidly fused to the supraoccipital bone within the 1st month. At age 1-3 years, the posterior and anterior intraoccipital synchondroses began to fuse. The occipitomastoidal, petro-occipital, and spheno-occipital synchondroses remained partially open into the teenage years. In the sphenoid bone at birth, 13 ossification centers were identified; most assimilated into the sphenoidal body during the first 2 years. Pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus appeared at age 1-2 years and advanced posteriorly over the next 3-5 years.
The complex process of skull base development is chronicled, which provides CT standards for judgment of the patterns and timing of sutural or synchondrosal closure.
通过计算机断层扫描（CT）记录儿童期软骨颅中骨化中心、缝和软骨结合的发育情况。
189例无颅底畸形的儿童（年龄范围为新生儿至18岁；中位年龄4.0岁）接受了头颅CT检查。对18条缝和软骨结合的闭合情况进行分级。
出生时枕骨有六个部分。克尔克林小骨在出生后1个月内迅速与枕上骨融合。1至3岁时，枕骨内后和内前软骨结合开始融合。枕乳突、岩枕和蝶枕软骨结合在青少年时期仍部分开放。出生时蝶骨有13个骨化中心；大多数在头两年内融入蝶骨体。蝶窦在1至2岁时开始气化，并在接下来的3至5年向后发展。
记录了颅底发育的复杂过程，为判断缝或软骨结合闭合的模式和时间提供了CT标准。
