Hamilton-Easton A, Eichelberger M
Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.
J Virol. 1995 Oct;69(10):6359-66. doi: 10.1128/JVI.69.10.6359-6366.1995.
Immune responses at mucosal sites are thought to be initiated in the draining lymph nodes, where dendritic cells present viral antigens and induce naive T cells to proliferate and to become effectors. Formal proof that antigen-presenting cells (APC) do indeed localize to the regional lymph nodes has been lacking for viral infections of the respiratory tract. Influenza virus was detected in the draining mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN) early after intranasal inoculation, with peak virus titers in this tissue measured at 2 days postinfection. Virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses were first detected in the MLN 1 day later. Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B lymphocytes were isolated from influenza virus-infected mice and assayed for the capacity to stimulate a major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted virus-specific T-cell hybridoma. All APC populations from lungs and MLN contained virus and thus had the potential to present antigen to CD8+ T cells. The APC recovered from the lungs of influenza virus-infected mice and dendritic cells from the MLN were able to stimulate virus-specific responses. The lack of a virus-specific T-cell response to B cells corresponds to the small number of virus-positive B lymphocytes in the MLN. These results indicate that dendritic cells and macrophages are antigen positive in mice acutely infected with an influenza A virus and that dendritic cells are probably responsible for initiating the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response to influenza virus in the draining lymph nodes.
黏膜部位的免疫反应被认为是在引流淋巴结中启动的，在那里树突状细胞呈递病毒抗原并诱导初始T细胞增殖并成为效应细胞。对于呼吸道病毒感染，一直缺乏抗原呈递细胞（APC）确实定位于区域淋巴结的正式证据。鼻内接种后早期，在引流纵隔淋巴结（MLN）中检测到流感病毒，感染后2天测量该组织中的病毒滴度峰值。1天后在MLN中首次检测到病毒特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞反应。从感染流感病毒的小鼠中分离出巨噬细胞、树突状细胞和B淋巴细胞，并检测它们刺激主要组织相容性复合体I类限制性病毒特异性T细胞杂交瘤的能力。来自肺和MLN的所有APC群体都含有病毒，因此有潜力向CD8 + T细胞呈递抗原。从感染流感病毒的小鼠肺中回收的APC和来自MLN的树突状细胞能够刺激病毒特异性反应。对B细胞缺乏病毒特异性T细胞反应与MLN中病毒阳性B淋巴细胞数量少相对应。这些结果表明，在急性感染甲型流感病毒的小鼠中，树突状细胞和巨噬细胞呈抗原阳性，并且树突状细胞可能负责在引流淋巴结中启动对流感病毒的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞反应。
