Cancedda R, Descalzi Cancedda F, Castagnola P
Centro di Biotecnologie Avanzate, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy.
Int Rev Cytol. 1995;159:265-358. doi: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)62109-9.
Data obtained while investigating growth plate chondrocyte differentiation during endochondral bone formation both in vivo and in vitro indicate that initial chondrogenesis depends on positional signaling mediated by selected homeobox-containing genes and soluble mediators. Continuation of the process strongly relies on interactions of the differentiating cells with the microenvironment, that is, other cells and extracellular matrix. Production of and response to different hormones and growth factors are observed at all times and autocrine and paracrine cell stimulations are key elements of the process. Particularly relevant is the role of the TGF-beta superfamily, and more specifically of the BMP subfamily. Other factors include retinoids, FGFs, GH, and IGFs, and perhaps transferrin. The influence of local microenvironment might also offer an acceptable settlement to the debate about whether hypertrophic chondrocytes convert to bone cells and live, or remain chondrocytes and die. We suggest that the ultimate fate of hypertrophic chondrocytes may be different at different microanatomical sites.
在体内和体外研究软骨内骨形成过程中生长板软骨细胞分化时获得的数据表明，初始软骨形成依赖于由选定的含同源框基因和可溶性介质介导的位置信号。该过程的持续进行强烈依赖于分化细胞与微环境（即其他细胞和细胞外基质）的相互作用。在整个过程中都观察到了对不同激素和生长因子的产生及反应，自分泌和旁分泌细胞刺激是该过程的关键要素。特别相关的是TGF-β超家族的作用，更具体地说是BMP亚家族的作用。其他因素包括视黄酸、成纤维细胞生长因子、生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子，或许还有转铁蛋白。局部微环境的影响也可能为关于肥大软骨细胞是转化为骨细胞并存活，还是保持软骨细胞并死亡的争论提供一个可接受的解决方案。我们认为，肥大软骨细胞的最终命运在不同的微观解剖部位可能有所不同。
