[The intestinal capsule: a new way of investigating the small intestine].

The small bowel is difficult to explore because of its location far away from the natural orifices. The aim of this study is to describe a telemetric, autonomous and multifunctional capsule (39 mm in length and 11 mm in diameter) designed according to a modular system to explore the small bowel. It consists of a central cylinder containing a location detector which allows permanent data collection concerning its position in the small bowel, the length of the small bowel and the transit velocity; secondly, several interchangeable tips allow either aspiration of a sample of intestinal juice, or release of a substance previously placed in the capsule, or to perform a mucosal biopsy. After having been swallowed by the patient, the capsule passes through the whole gut and is then recovered in the stools between 24 and 48 hours later. The preliminary study consisted of comparing, in patients undergoing a surgical procedure, the small bowel length measured by telemetry (542.3 +/- 113.8 cm) to that measured intraoperatively by the arithmetical mean of the mesenteric and antimesenteric edges (515 +/- 112.7 cm), p = 0.28. These different interchangeable working tips have already been used to determine the level of absorption of various substances, the discovery of absorption sites and the performance of mucosal biopsies without any material link between patient and the measuring or recording equipment. The main advantages of this intestinal capsule are the possibility to continuously transmit its location, its total autonomy and remote control of the desired action.