Eckardt M J, Stapleton J M, Rawlings R R, Davis E Z, Grodin D M
Laboratory of Clinical Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Md 20892-1250.
Am J Psychiatry. 1995 Jan;152(1):53-9. doi: 10.1176/ajp.152.1.53.
The authors determined 1) cognitive functioning in detoxified alcoholics who had alcohol-related problems for a relatively brief time and 2) relationships between neuropsychological test scores and recent and chronic alcohol consumption patterns, childhood symptoms of hyperactivity/minimal brain dysfunction, and extent of familial alcoholism.
The subjects were 101 detoxified, drug-free alcoholics between 18 and 35 years of age who had consumed excessive amounts of alcohol (average of 114 g four to five times per week) for an average of 6 years. An average of 39 days after the last drink each alcoholic was given an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests assessing language skills, attention, motor skills, intelligence, memory, and cognitive functioning related to the frontal regions of the brain.
Only four individuals evidenced mild cognitive dysfunction. Current psychiatric condition, anxiety and depressive states, and liver dysfunction were not related to cognition. Relationships of cognition of lifetime estimates of alcohol consumption (average of 189 kg) and number of days from last drink to testing were determined to be nonlinear and suggested that greater lifetime consumption predicted worse performance and that longer abstinence predicted better performance. Neither extent of familial alcoholism nor number of childhood signs and symptoms of hyperactivity/minimal brain dysfunction was predictive of cognition except that more antisocial behavior predicted poorer cognitive functioning.
Cognition in young alcoholics, averaging 6 years of excessive alcohol consumption, was within normal limits, even though greater lifetime consumption predicted lower test scores and longer abstinence predicted higher scores.
作者确定了1）有相对较短时间酒精相关问题的戒酒者的认知功能，以及2）神经心理测试分数与近期和长期饮酒模式、儿童期多动/轻微脑功能障碍症状以及家族性酒精中毒程度之间的关系。
研究对象为101名年龄在18至35岁之间的戒酒者，他们未使用药物，平均6年过量饮酒（平均每周四至五次，每次114克）。每位戒酒者在最后一次饮酒平均39天后接受一系列广泛的神经心理测试，评估语言技能、注意力、运动技能、智力、记忆力以及与大脑额叶区域相关的认知功能。
只有四人表现出轻度认知功能障碍。当前的精神状况、焦虑和抑郁状态以及肝功能与认知功能无关。终生酒精摄入量估计值（平均189千克）以及从最后一次饮酒到测试的天数与认知功能的关系呈非线性，表明终生饮酒量越大，测试表现越差，戒酒时间越长，表现越好。除了更多的反社会行为预示着较差的认知功能外，家族性酒精中毒程度以及儿童期多动/轻微脑功能障碍的体征和症状数量均不能预测认知功能。
平均有6年过量饮酒史的年轻戒酒者的认知功能在正常范围内，尽管终生饮酒量越大，测试分数越低，戒酒时间越长，分数越高。
