Schreiber H, Schoenen D
Hygiene-Institut der Universität Bonn.
Zentralbl Hyg Umweltmed. 1994 Aug;196(2):153-69.
Between September 1992 and April 1993, samples of sediment were taken from a total of 16 drinking water reservoirs from seven water suppliers. Five different types of raw water were examined, samples being taken with varying frequency. The comparison of surface reservoir water and ground water constituted a central aim in this first series of investigations. The composition of the sediment was determined in terms of its chemical, bacteriological and biological characteristics. It was established that the deposits that normally accumulate in the course of an operating period contain, in addition to the familiar mass-determinant inorganic constituents such as iron, manganese and calcium compounds, in some cases considerable quantities of organic substances. Total organic carbon (TOC) contents of up to 11 weight-% were found. Besides an increased concentration of heavy metals, in particular cadmium, nickel and zinc, were measured in some sediments. The bacteriological examination of the sediments, in accordance with the German drinking water regulation (TrinkwV) showed, in part, very high colony counts. However, there was apparently no influence on the effluent water as the reservoir was emptied. The microscopical examination showed independent of the raw water source the sediments being colonized by invertebrates. Up to 9000 organisms per litre of fresh sediment were recorded. The predominant group of animals, in terms of numbers, was the rotifers followed by threadworms. The comparison of water from impounding reservoirs and ground water made evident that the presence of organisms in reservoir sediments is not restricted to the use of surface water.
1992年9月至1993年4月期间，从7家供水商的16个饮用水水库中采集了沉积物样本。共检测了5种不同类型的原水，采样频率各不相同。在这第一系列调查中，对比地表水库水和地下水是核心目标。从沉积物的化学、细菌学和生物学特性方面对其成分进行了测定。结果表明，在运行期间正常积累的沉积物中，除了常见的大量决定性无机成分，如铁、锰和钙化合物外，某些情况下还含有大量有机物质。发现总有机碳（TOC）含量高达11%（重量）。此外，在一些沉积物中还检测到重金属浓度升高，尤其是镉、镍和锌。根据德国饮用水法规（TrinkwV）对沉积物进行的细菌学检测部分显示菌落计数非常高。然而，随着水库排空，对出水显然没有影响。显微镜检查表明，无论原水来源如何，沉积物中都有脊椎动物栖息。每升新鲜沉积物中记录到多达9000个生物。从数量上看，主要的动物群体是轮虫，其次是线虫。对蓄水水库水和地下水的比较表明，水库沉积物中生物的存在并不局限于地表水的使用。
