北美和中国华人的饮食习惯、身体活动及体型比较。

Comparison of dietary habits, physical activity and body size among Chinese in North America and China.

作者信息

Lee M M, Wu-Williams A, Whittemore A S, Zheng S, Gallagher R, Teh C Z, Zhou L, Wang X, Chen K, Ling C

机构信息

Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.

出版信息

Int J Epidemiol. 1994 Oct;23(5):984-90. doi: 10.1093/ije/23.5.984.

DOI:10.1093/ije/23.5.984

PMID:7860179

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Chinese in North America have higher rates of many chronic diseases than do Chinese in Asia. However, there is a lack of data among comparisons of the environmental and lifestyle factors for Chinese in China and Chinese residing in North America.

METHODS

We examined self-reported dietary nutrient intakes, physical activity patterns and body mass index of 2488 healthy Chinese men and women residing in North America (US and Canada) and in the People's Republic of China.

RESULTS

On average, Chinese in China consumed more calories (males 2904 kcal in China, versus 2201 kcal in North America; females 2317 Kcal in China, versus 1795 Kcal in North America and more carbohydrate, but less fat (males 72.2 g in China versus 84.5 g in North America, females 56.6 g in China versus 70.8 g in North America), protein, vitamin A, beta-carotene and vitamin C than did Chinese in North America. Per cent calories from fat was 35% for Chinese in North America and 22% for Chinese in China. In contrast, the per cent of calories from carbohydrates was 62-68% in China and 48% in North America. Chinese in China reported spending more time in vigorous activity, sleeping and walking but less hours in sitting than Chinese in North America. Chinese in China weighted less and were leaner than North American Chinese.

CONCLUSIONS

These differences in nutrient intakes, physical activity and body size of Chinese living on two different continents suggest possible explanations for observed differences in chronic disease rates in the two populations.

摘要

背景

北美的华裔比亚洲的华裔患多种慢性病的几率更高。然而，在中国的华裔和居住在北美的华裔之间，缺乏关于环境和生活方式因素比较的数据。

方法

我们调查了居住在美国和加拿大的2488名健康华裔男女以及中华人民共和国的华裔自我报告的饮食营养摄入量、身体活动模式和体重指数。

结果

平均而言，中国的华裔摄入的热量更多（中国男性为2904千卡，北美为2201千卡；中国女性为2317千卡，北美为1795千卡），碳水化合物摄入量更多，但脂肪摄入量更少（中国男性为72.2克，北美为84.5克；中国女性为56.6克，北美为70.8克），蛋白质、维生素A、β-胡萝卜素和维生素C的摄入量也比北美的华裔多。北美的华裔脂肪供能百分比为35%，中国的华裔为22%。相比之下，中国碳水化合物供能百分比为62%-68%，北美为48%。中国的华裔报告称，他们进行剧烈活动、睡觉和走路的时间比北美的华裔多，但坐着的时间比北美的华裔少。中国的华裔体重更轻，身材更瘦。