Three-dimensional ultrasonography in hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of ultrasonographic images was used to visualize hepatobiliary and pancreatic lesions and stones, and to measure gallbladder emptying. The initial experience shows that these reconstructions may be of some help in the identification of the extension of tumors and the invasion into surrounding tissues. Stones and stone fragments in the pancreas and in the gallbladder as well as the wall of the gallbladder were visualized well. If further studies will reveal a benefit for the patient, three-dimensional ultrasonography may be added to the noninvasive methods used in the diagnosis of several hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases.