Panitchpakdi P, Podhipak A, Sein U K, Kywe B
Family Planning International Assistance, Bangkok, Thailand.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1993 Dec;24(4):636-46.
Perhaps the most important finding of this Zigone KAP survey was that about 50.3% (95% CI 46.2-54.2) of the married women of reproductive age were currently practicing modern methods of contraception. For a country like Myanmar, where the government has until recently favored a pronatalist population policy, this is indeed surprising. This 30 cluster survey, designed to determine the prevalence of various family planning methods adopted, as well as knowledge and attitudes, among villagers in rural Myanmar, covered a sample of 600 married women of reproductive age in Zigone township which has a population of 70,000. The survey results showed a high awareness of specific contraceptive methods among the target group and the ever-use rate of birth spacing methods was about 54% (95% CI 50.7-58.7). The most used method was oral contraceptives (64.6% of all users), followed by injectable contraceptives (32.3%). There was a small number of IUD users (1.1%), use of a permanent method (sterilization) was extremely low (0.3%). Seven out of ten married women of reproductive age did not want more children and one out of two women in this group were current users of contraception. Therefore a certain proportion of user was probably using these (mainly temporary) methods to terminate fertility rather than for birth spacing purposes. Moreover, only 63% of those wanting children, but not in the next 12 months, were using a contraceptive method. These findings demonstrated that there was a large group of potential contraceptive users who were currently not using a method. In an attempt to investigate the factor hindering the non-use of contraceptives when needed, the women were divided, according to their contraceptive practice, into two groups. Logistic regression was employed to compare the characteristics of women in the user and nonuser groups. After adjusting for covariates, it was found that economic group and number of living children had a positive effective effect on contraceptive use, while age and number of children under three years of age had a negative effect. The survey also found that about 48% of the contraceptive users were obtaining their supplies from the private sector and another 40% received supplies from government health officers. The reference by respondents to "health staff", as the source of supply, was assumed to be health staff working in their private practice, since the government's current health program does not cover the provision of contraceptives.
或许这项齐戈内知识、态度与实践（KAP）调查最重要的发现是，约50.3%（95%置信区间为46.2 - 54.2）的已婚育龄妇女目前正在采用现代避孕方法。对于像缅甸这样一个直到最近政府还一直支持鼓励生育的人口政策的国家来说，这着实令人惊讶。这项旨在确定缅甸农村村民中所采用的各种计划生育方法的普及率以及知识和态度的30个群组调查，涵盖了齐戈内镇600名已婚育龄妇女的样本，该镇人口为7万。调查结果显示目标群体对特定避孕方法的知晓率较高，生育间隔方法的曾经使用率约为54%（95%置信区间为50.7 - 58.7）。最常用的方法是口服避孕药（占所有使用者的64.6%），其次是注射用避孕药（32.3%）。宫内节育器使用者数量较少（1.1%），采用永久性方法（绝育）的比例极低（0.3%）。十分之七的已婚育龄妇女不想再要孩子，这一群体中有二分之一的妇女目前是避孕使用者。因此，一定比例的使用者可能是在利用这些（主要是临时性的）方法来终止生育，而非用于生育间隔目的。此外，在那些想要孩子但在未来12个月内不想要的人中，只有63%的人正在使用避孕方法。这些发现表明，存在一大群目前未使用避孕方法的潜在避孕使用者。为了试图调查在需要时阻碍不使用避孕药具的因素，根据她们的避孕实践将这些妇女分为两组。采用逻辑回归来比较使用者组和非使用者组妇女的特征。在对协变量进行调整后，发现经济状况分组和存活子女数量对避孕使用有积极影响，而年龄和三岁以下子女数量有负面影响。调查还发现，约48%的避孕使用者从私营部门获取避孕药具，另有40%从政府卫生官员处获得。由于政府目前的卫生项目不包括提供避孕药具，受访者提到的作为供应来源的“卫生人员”被假定为从事私人执业的卫生人员。
