Superdock K R, Helderman J H
Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville.
Semin Respir Infect. 1993 Sep;8(3):152-9.
The growing success of organ transplantation for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal, heart, lung, and liver disease is attributable, in part, to improvements in immunosuppressive regimens. This article reviews the immune response and the mechanism by which many immunosuppressants exert their effects. Immunosuppressants discussed include azathioprine, glucocorticoids, cyclosporine A, cyclosporine G, FK506, rapamycin, mycophenolic acid, mycophenolate mofetil (RS-61443), mizoribine (bredinin), brequinar sodium, and deoxyspergualine. The efficacy and nonspecificity of these agents has led to significant side effects from their use, which can be predicted based on their mechanisms of action. The development and use of more specific immunosuppressants or the design of protocols, which would induce organ tolerance, may result in long-term organ survival without infectious or malignant complications.
器官移植在治疗糖尿病及终末期肾病、心脏病、肺病和肝病方面日益成功，部分归功于免疫抑制方案的改进。本文综述了免疫反应以及多种免疫抑制剂发挥作用的机制。所讨论的免疫抑制剂包括硫唑嘌呤、糖皮质激素、环孢素A、环孢素G、他克莫司（FK506）、雷帕霉素、霉酚酸、吗替麦考酚酯（RS - 61443）、咪唑立宾（布累迪宁）、布喹那钠和去氧精胍菌素。这些药物的有效性和非特异性导致了使用过程中出现显著的副作用，可根据其作用机制进行预测。开发和使用更具特异性的免疫抑制剂或设计能诱导器官耐受的方案，可能会实现器官的长期存活且无感染或恶性并发症。
