Reese E, Kimbrough R D
University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor.
Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Dec;101 Suppl 6(Suppl 6):115-31. doi: 10.1289/ehp.93101s6115.
The acute toxicity of gasoline; its components benzene, toluene, and xylene; and the additives ethanol, methanol, and methyl tertiary butyl ether are reviewed. All of these chemicals are only moderately to mildly toxic at acute doses. Because of their volatility, these compounds are not extensively absorbed dermally unless the exposed skin is occluded. Absorption through the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract is quite efficient. After ingestion, the principal danger for a number of these chemicals, particularly gasoline, is aspiration pneumonia, which occurs mainly in children. It is currently not clear whether aspiration pneumonia would still be a problem if gasoline were diluted with ethanol or methanol. During the normal use of gasoline or mixtures of gasoline and the other solvents as a fuel, exposures would be much lower than the doses that have resulted in poisoning. No acute toxic health effects would occur during the normal course of using automotive fuels.
综述了汽油及其成分苯、甲苯和二甲苯，以及添加剂乙醇、甲醇和甲基叔丁基醚的急性毒性。所有这些化学品在急性剂量下仅具有中度至轻度毒性。由于它们的挥发性，除非暴露的皮肤被封闭，否则这些化合物不会通过皮肤大量吸收。通过肺部和胃肠道的吸收相当有效。摄入后，其中许多化学品（特别是汽油）的主要危险是吸入性肺炎，这主要发生在儿童身上。目前尚不清楚如果汽油用乙醇或甲醇稀释，吸入性肺炎是否仍然是一个问题。在正常使用汽油或汽油与其他溶剂的混合物作为燃料时，接触量将远低于导致中毒的剂量。在正常使用汽车燃料的过程中不会发生急性毒性健康影响。
