用于保护绵羊免受铜绿蝇造成的头部侵袭的控释杀虫剂装置。

James P J, Mitchell H K, Cockrum K S, Ancell P M

Department of Primary Industries, Adelaide, Australia.

Vet Parasitol. 1994 Mar;52(1-2):113-28. doi: 10.1016/0304-4017(94)90041-8.

The effectiveness of polymer matrix tags containing (w/w) 8.5% cypermethrin, 7.5% flucythrinate, 13.7% tetrachlorvinphos or 20.0% diazinon in protecting sheep against head strike by the sheep blowfly (Lucilia cuprina Wiedemann) was investigated in larval implant, fly cage and field studies. Tags impregnated with cypermethrin reduced the total number of egg masses deposited on the heads of sheep in fly cage studies over a 6 week period by 73.3% compared with no treatment. Tags impregnated with flucythrinate reduced the number of egg masses by 25.3% over 21 weeks but there were no significant differences (P < 0.05) between treated and untreated sheep at individual exposures. Egg masses were found on the majority of tagged sheep and no protection was provided against implants with first instar L. cuprina larvae by either cypermethrin or flucythrinate tags. Tags impregnated with diazinon gave longer protection than treatment with a liquid formulation containing 400 ppm diazinon in larval implant, fly cage and field studies. Over a 12 week period in field studies, 6.6% of rams treated with diazinon tags became struck compared with 30% treated by diazinon jetting, 35.7% treated with plastic tags not impregnated with insecticide and 24.2% of untreated rams. When the rams were exposed to high populations of L. cuprina in an exposure house from 13 to 18 weeks after treatment, 3.3% of rams treated with diazinon tags, 57.1% treated by diazinon jetting, 43.8% treated with plastic tags and 23.5% of untreated rams became struck. Most strikes in the diazinon tagged sheep occurred at sites which were not contacted by the tags. Tags impregnated with tetrachlorvinphos reduced the number of strikes in comparison with no treatment in larval implant and fly cage studies but the results were inconsistent and not as good as those from diazinon tags. It is concluded that well designed controlled release devices that reliably contact the wool on the heads of sheep at sites of flystrike risk and which are able to withstand damage from rams fighting may be able to give prolonged protection against head strike.

通过幼虫植入、蝇笼及田间试验，研究了含（重量/重量）8.5%氯氰菊酯、7.5%氟氯氰菊酯、13.7%毒死蜱或20.0%二嗪农的聚合物基质标签在保护绵羊免受羊绿蝇（Lucilia cuprina Wiedemann）头部侵袭方面的有效性。在蝇笼试验中，与未处理相比，用氯氰菊酯浸渍的标签在6周内使沉积在绵羊头部的卵块总数减少了73.3%。用氟氯氰菊酯浸渍的标签在21周内使卵块数量减少了25.3%，但在个体暴露时，处理过的绵羊和未处理的绵羊之间没有显著差异（P < 0.05）。在大多数带标签的绵羊身上发现了卵块，氯氰菊酯或氟氯氰菊酯标签对植入的第一龄铜绿蝇幼虫均无防护作用。在幼虫植入、蝇笼及田间试验中，用二嗪农浸渍的标签比用含400 ppm二嗪农的液体制剂处理提供了更长时间的防护。在田间试验的12周期间，用二嗪农标签处理的公羊中有6.6%被侵袭，相比之下，用二嗪农喷射处理的为30%，用未浸渍杀虫剂的塑料标签处理的为35.7%，未处理的公羊为24.2%。当公羊在处理后13至18周在暴露室中暴露于大量铜绿蝇时，用二嗪农标签处理的公羊中有3.3%被侵袭，用二嗪农喷射处理的为57.1%，用塑料标签处理的为43.8%，未处理的公羊为23.5%。大多数用二嗪农标签处理的绵羊被侵袭发生在标签未接触到的部位。在幼虫植入和蝇笼试验中，与未处理相比，用毒死蜱浸渍的标签减少了被侵袭的数量，但结果不一致，且不如二嗪农标签的效果好。得出的结论是，设计良好的控释装置能够可靠地接触到有蝇蛆病风险部位绵羊头部的羊毛，并且能够承受公羊争斗造成的损害，可能能够提供长期的头部侵袭防护。