Fundarò C, Solinas A, Martino A M, Genovese O, Noia G, Conte G L, Segni G
Clinica Pediatrica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma.
Minerva Pediatr. 1994 Mar;46(3):83-8.
Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is one of the most frequent manifestations in the neonates of drug-addicted mothers. It is caused by the abrupt interruption of the transplacentar passage of drugs from the mother to the fetus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between drugs taken during pregnancy and NAS. Data were examined relating to 223 neonates born during 1975-1992 to drug-addict mothers. Neonates were subdivided into four groups according to the maternal toxicological profile. It was thus possible to observe that there is a greater prevalence of NAS in cases of polypharmacomania and that it gradually diminishes in the children of heroin addicts and those receiving methadone treatment. Moreover, the intensity of the syndrome is correlated to the high doses of methadone and/or heroin. In the group of neonates whose mothers had complied with the methadone treatment protocol, the severity of NAS was proportional to the dose taken by the mother. In conclusion, the management of pregnant drug addicts following a controlled methadone treatment programme is accompanied by improved obstetric help and is the most suitable way of reducing perinatal complications and the prevalence of NAS.
新生儿戒断综合征（NAS）是吸毒母亲所生新生儿中最常见的表现之一。它是由药物从母亲经胎盘向胎儿的传输突然中断引起的。本研究的目的是评估孕期用药与新生儿戒断综合征之间的相关性。研究审查了1975年至1992年间吸毒母亲所生的223例新生儿的数据。根据母亲的毒理学情况，将新生儿分为四组。由此可以观察到，在多药滥用的情况下，新生儿戒断综合征的患病率更高，而在海洛因成瘾者和接受美沙酮治疗者的子女中，患病率逐渐降低。此外，该综合征的严重程度与美沙酮和/或海洛因的高剂量有关。在母亲遵守美沙酮治疗方案的新生儿组中，新生儿戒断综合征的严重程度与母亲服用的剂量成正比。总之，按照受控的美沙酮治疗方案对怀孕吸毒者进行管理，同时提供更好的产科帮助，是减少围产期并发症和新生儿戒断综合征患病率的最合适方法。
