Stoneking M
Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
J Bioenerg Biomembr. 1994 Jun;26(3):251-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00763097.
For the past seven years or so, much discussion and controversy in the field of human evolution has revolved around the application and interpretation of studies of human mitochondrial DNA variation, particularly the hypothesis that all mtDNA types in contemporary populations can be traced back to a single African ancestor who lived about 200,000 years ago. In this review I describe the evidence that led to this hypothesis, subsequent work, and where things stand now, particularly with respect to recent criticisms concerning the adequacy of phylogenetic analyses of the mtDNA data. I also describe a new method of analyzing mtDNA data that suggests that all human populations underwent a dramatic expansion some 40,000 years ago, possibly in association with revolutionary advances in human behavior, as well as an important implication of population expansions for mtDNA disease studies.
在过去大约七年的时间里，人类进化领域的诸多讨论和争议都围绕着人类线粒体DNA变异研究的应用与解读展开，尤其是这样一种假说：当代人群中的所有线粒体DNA类型都可以追溯到一位生活在约20万年前的非洲单一祖先。在这篇综述中，我描述了促成这一假说的证据、后续的研究工作以及目前的进展情况，特别是关于近期对线粒体DNA数据系统发育分析充分性的批评。我还描述了一种分析线粒体DNA数据的新方法，该方法表明所有人类群体在约4万年前都经历了一次急剧扩张，这可能与人类行为的革命性进步有关，同时也阐述了群体扩张对线粒体DNA疾病研究的一个重要影响。
