Seitz B, Holbach L M, Naumann G O
Augenklinik mit Poliklinik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.
Ophthalmologe. 1993 Dec;90(6):746-9.
Pilomatrixomas (benign epithelioma of Malherbe) are often located in the eyelid or eyebrow. Clinically the diagnosis is rarely made. Histologically, especially in partial biopsies, they can be confused with a basal cell carcinoma. We evaluated 17 tumors in 17 patients (19 months to 80 years old). The interval between the diagnosis and total excision of the mass ranged from 4 weeks to 2 years. The clinical misdiagnosis appeared to be related to the patient's age: A cystic dermoid (4x) was considered most frequently in children and sebaceous cyst or atheroma (5x) in patients of middle age. Further diagnoses were as follows: Chalazion, basal cell carcinoma or keratoacanthoma, epidermoid cyst, abscess, papilloma. Nine tumors showed calcifications that might be visible by X-ray examination. After a mean follow-up of 7.6 years no recurrence was observed. Pilomatrixoma should be included in the clinical differential diagnosis of subepidermal solid or cystic tumors, especially in the upper eyelid and eyebrow.
毛发上皮瘤(马尔赫贝良性上皮瘤)常位于眼睑或眉毛处。临床上很少能做出诊断。在组织学上,尤其是部分活检时,它们可能会与基底细胞癌混淆。我们评估了17例患者的17个肿瘤(年龄从19个月至80岁)。从肿块诊断到完全切除的间隔时间为4周至2年。临床误诊似乎与患者年龄有关:儿童最常被误诊为囊性皮样囊肿(4例),中年患者最常被误诊为皮脂腺囊肿或粉瘤(5例)。其他诊断如下:睑板腺囊肿、基底细胞癌或角化棘皮瘤、表皮样囊肿、脓肿、乳头状瘤。9个肿瘤显示有钙化,X线检查可能可见。平均随访7.6年后未观察到复发。毛发上皮瘤应列入表皮下实性或囊性肿瘤的临床鉴别诊断中,尤其是在上眼睑和眉毛处。