MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994 May 6;43(17):311, 317-20.
Each year in the United States, an estimated 22,000 infants are born to women with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. These infants are at high risk for perinatal HBV infection and chronic liver disease as adults. The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Family Practice, and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices each have recommended that all pregnant women be routinely tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) during an early prenatal visit in each pregnancy to identify newborns who require immunoprophylaxis for the prevention of perinatal HBV infection (1-4). To evaluate progress in implementing this recommendation, surveys were conducted to assess the effectiveness of maternal HBsAg screening in three states--California, Connecticut, and Kansas--and a sample of hospitals in the United States.
在美国，每年估计有22000名婴儿的母亲患有慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染。这些婴儿围产期感染HBV以及成年后患慢性肝病的风险很高。美国妇产科医师学会、美国儿科学会、美国家庭医生学会以及免疫实践咨询委员会均建议，所有孕妇在每次妊娠早期产前检查时都应常规检测乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg），以确定需要进行免疫预防以预防围产期HBV感染的新生儿（1-4）。为评估实施该建议的进展情况，开展了多项调查，以评估加利福尼亚州、康涅狄格州和堪萨斯州这三个州以及美国部分医院的孕产妇HBsAg筛查效果。
