Lester R. Dragstedt and his role in the evolution of therapeutic vagotomy in the United States.

The date October 22, 1993, marks the centenary of the birth of Lester R. Dragstedt. He emerged from humble roots of Swedish immigrant parents to become one of the pre-eminent surgical innovators of the twentieth century. Early in his scientific career, Dragstedt was profoundly influenced by another Swede, A. J. Carlson, who was initially employed as a Lutheran minister in Dragstedt's hometown of Anaconda, Montana. Carlson left the ministry for graduate school and later became chairman of The Department of Physiology at the University of Chicago. When Dragstedt finished his schooling, Carlson convinced him to attend the University of Chicago. In addition to Carlson, Dragstedt's research was influenced by many prominent physiologists and surgeons, including Pavlov and Latarjet. Their work, along with his own investigations, helped him both to formulate his hypotheses on the regulation of gastric acid secretion and to formalize the operation of truncal vagotomy. In 1943, Dragstedt initiated the clinical use of this procedure in North America. Although he studied his patients carefully and documented his results meticulously, the operation initially met with considerable resistance from both his medical and surgical colleagues. Over time, many other surgeons accepted vagotomy as a viable procedure and further modified his technique. The unique ability of Dragstedt to transfer his research studies to the development and implementation of rational surgical therapy remains an enduring example for the surgical profession.