Ghahremani G G
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Evanston Hospital-McGaw Medical Center, Northwestern University, Illinois.
Radiol Clin North Am. 1993 Nov;31(6):1219-34.
Perforation of the alimentary tract may occur spontaneously in various gastrointestinal diseases or develop due to an ingested foreign body, iatrogenic complication, and blunt or penetrating injuries. The detection of extraluminal air on radiographs of the chest or abdomen is often the initial clue to the diagnosis. It may not, however, be visible when the perforation is small, rapidly sealed, or well contained. Further evaluation by special radiographic techniques, gastrointestinal studies using contrast media, or CT examination can demonstrate the site and nature of the perforation. This article reviews the clinical features and methods for radiologic assessment of suspected perforations involving the upper gastrointestinal tract, small bowel, or colon and rectum.
消化道穿孔可在各种胃肠道疾病中自发发生，或因摄入异物、医源性并发症以及钝性或穿透性损伤而形成。胸部或腹部X线片上发现腔外气体往往是诊断的最初线索。然而，当穿孔较小、迅速封闭或局限良好时，可能看不到腔外气体。通过特殊的X线检查技术、使用造影剂的胃肠道检查或CT检查进行进一步评估，可显示穿孔的部位和性质。本文综述了涉及上消化道、小肠或结肠及直肠的疑似穿孔的临床特征和放射学评估方法。
