Kitange H M, Swai A B, Masuki G, Kilima P M, Alberti K G, McLarty D G
Ministry of Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 1993 Aug;47(4):303-7. doi: 10.1136/jech.47.4.303.
To assess the level of cardiovascular risk factors in young people in sub-Saharan Africa living in rural and urban settings.
Cross sectional survey of the population aged 15 to 19 years.
Eight rural Tanzanian villages in three regions, and two districts in Dar es Salaam.
664 males and 803 females in rural villages and 85 males and 121 females in the city. Response rates for total population were 74% to 94% in the rural areas and 60% in the city.
Measurements included blood pressure, body mass index, serum lipids, and blood glucose concentrations (fasting and two hours after 75 g glucose). Blood pressure was slightly but significantly higher in young women than in young men (115/67 mmHg versus 113/65 mmHg) and increased significantly with age. Only 0.4% subjects had blood pressure greater than 140 and/or 90 mmHg. There were no urban-rural differences. Body mass index was higher in females (mean (SD) 20.3 (2.8) kg/m2) than males (18.5 (2.1)). Overweight was found in only 0.6% at age 15 years but 5.4% at age 19 years. Serum cholesterol concentrations were low at 3.5 mmol/l in males and 3.7 mmol/l in females. Only 7% had values above 5.2 mmol/l. The highest concentrations were found in the city and in Kilimanjaro, the most prosperous rural region. Serum triglycerides were 1.0 (0.5) mmol/l in males and 1.1 (0.5) mmol/l in females, and were highest in the city dwellers. Diabetes was rare (0.28% males, 0.12% females) but impaired glucose tolerance was present in 4.7% and 4.1% respectively. Drinking alcohol was equally prevalent in males and females, reaching 30% at age 19 years. Only 0.4% of females smoked compared with 7.3% of males. Smoking was commoner in rural areas that in the city.
Several risk factors for cardiovascular disease were found in Tanzanian adolescents, but levels were much lower than in studies reported from developed nations. The challenge is to maintain these low levels as the population becomes more urbanised and more affluent.
评估撒哈拉以南非洲农村和城市地区年轻人的心血管危险因素水平。
对15至19岁人群进行横断面调查。
坦桑尼亚三个地区的八个农村村庄以及达累斯萨拉姆的两个区。
农村地区664名男性和803名女性，城市地区85名男性和121名女性。农村地区总人口的应答率为74%至94%，城市地区为60%。
测量包括血压、体重指数、血脂和血糖浓度（空腹及75克葡萄糖摄入后两小时）。年轻女性的血压略高于年轻男性，但差异显著（115/67 mmHg对113/65 mmHg），且随年龄显著升高。只有0.4%的受试者血压高于140和/或90 mmHg。城乡之间无差异。女性的体重指数较高（平均（标准差）20.3（2.8）kg/m²），高于男性（18.5（2.1））。15岁时超重者仅占0.6%，但19岁时达到5.4%。男性血清胆固醇浓度为3.5 mmol/l，女性为3.7 mmol/l，均较低。只有7%的人高于5.2 mmol/l。最高浓度出现在城市和最繁荣的农村地区乞力马扎罗。男性血清甘油三酯为1.0（0.5）mmol/l，女性为1.1（0.5）mmol/l，城市居民中最高。糖尿病罕见（男性0.28%，女性0.12%），但葡萄糖耐量受损分别占4.7%和4.1%。男性和女性饮酒的比例相当，19岁时达到30%。只有0.4%的女性吸烟，而男性为7.3%。农村地区吸烟比城市地区更普遍。
在坦桑尼亚青少年中发现了几种心血管疾病危险因素，但水平远低于发达国家报告的研究结果。随着人口城市化和富裕程度提高，面临的挑战是维持这些低水平。
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