Estrogen uncouples beta-adrenergic receptor from the stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding protein in female rat hypothalamus.

The responsiveness of adenylyl cyclase to beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation was investigated in membranes prepared from hypothalamus-preoptic area and cortex of ovariectomized female rats injected with oil vehicle or estradiol benzoate 24 or 48 h before death. Membranes from the hypothalamus-preoptic area of ovariectomized animals displayed a concentration-dependent stimulation of adenylyl cyclase when incubated with the beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, isoproterenol (10(-7)-10(-5) M). This response was suppressed in membranes from estrogen-treated animals. The effect of estrogen was observed 48 h, but not 24 h, after hormone administration. In addition, estrogen had no measurable effect on hypothalamic adenylyl cyclase activation by either GTP (10(-8)-10(-5) M) or forskolin (10(-8)-10(-6) M), on beta-adrenergic receptor density, or on antagonist binding affinity measured with the beta-adrenergic antagonist [125I]iodocyanopindolol. Analysis of isoproterenol displacement of iodocyanopindolol binding revealed that estrogen reduced agonist binding affinity in hypothalamus-preoptic area membranes. In membranes from ovariectomized controls, high affinity agonist binding to the beta-adrenergic receptor was apparent and was abolished by guanine nucleotides. However, membranes from estradiol-treated rats demonstrated only low affinity agonist binding that was unaffected by guanine nucleotides. Estradiol did not detectably alter concentrations of either cholera or pertussis toxin substrates in hypothalamus-preoptic area membranes. These data indicate that estrogen promotes a stable time-dependent desensitization of beta-adrenergic receptor activation of adenylyl cyclase in hypothalamus and preoptic area by uncoupling the receptor from the guanine nucleotide-binding protein, G8.