Hänninen T, Reinikainen K J, Helkala E L, Koivisto K, Mykkänen L, Laakso M, Pyörälä K, Riekkinen P J
Department of Neurology, University of Kuopio, Finland.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 1994 Jan;42(1):1-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06064.x.
To evaluate the relationship between objectively measured memory functions and subjective complaints of memory disturbance and whether subjective complaints are affected by some personality traits or affective states.
Cross-sectional two-group comparison.
The city of Kuopio in Eastern Finland, considered representative of the urban elderly population of Finland.
Originally 403 subjects aged 67-78 years from the random sample and then two matched study groups initially including eighteen subjects but only ten in the final analysis.
Screening and follow-up examinations of subjects with and without subjective memory complaints: (1) Memory functions: Benton's visual retention test and the paired-associated learning subtest of Wechsler Memory Scale. (2) Memory complaints: Memory Complaint Questionnaire. (3) Personality traits and affective state: Two subscales from Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and Geriatric Depression Scale.
Complaints of memory loss did not correlate with the actual memory performance in the tests. However, those subjects who most emphatically complained of memory disturbance had greater tendencies toward somatic complaining, higher feelings of anxiety about their physical health, and more negative feelings of their own competence and capabilities than those who did not complain of memory deterioration associated with aging.
The study suggests that subjective feelings of memory impairment are more closely associated with personality traits than with actual memory performance in normal elderly people.
评估客观测量的记忆功能与记忆障碍主观主诉之间的关系，以及主观主诉是否受某些人格特质或情感状态的影响。
横断面两组比较。
芬兰东部的库奥皮奥市，被认为代表芬兰城市老年人口。
最初从随机样本中选取403名年龄在67 - 78岁之间的受试者，然后形成两个匹配的研究组，最初每组18名受试者，但最终分析时每组仅10名。
对有和没有主观记忆主诉的受试者进行筛查和随访检查：(1) 记忆功能：本顿视觉保持测验和韦氏记忆量表的配对联想学习子测验。(2) 记忆主诉：记忆主诉问卷。(3) 人格特质和情感状态：明尼苏达多相人格调查表和老年抑郁量表的两个分量表。
记忆丧失主诉与测试中的实际记忆表现不相关。然而，与未抱怨与衰老相关的记忆衰退的受试者相比，那些强烈抱怨记忆障碍的受试者有更强烈的躯体主诉倾向、对自身健康更高的焦虑感以及对自己能力更消极的感受。
该研究表明，在正常老年人中，主观记忆损害感受与人格特质的关联比与实际记忆表现的关联更为密切。
