Skjeldestad F E
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Norway.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1994 Jan;73(1):48-52. doi: 10.3109/00016349409013393.
To investigate the use of contraception in a representative sample of Norwegian women.
Frequency distribution of contraceptive methods by age, marital status and partly strata.
A sample of 4,933 women were selected at random from the Central Population Register as participants in the second Norwegian fertility study (1988). The response rate was 81% (n = 4,019) and personal interviews of contraceptive use were carried out among 2,782 women who were fecund, sexually active and not pregnant. These women comprise the study population.
2,782 women were sexually active during the last month prior to the interview and thus in potential need of contraception. More than 50% of the women used either oral contraceptives (21%) or IUDs (30%). The use of oral contraceptives decreased linearly with age from a user rate of 60% among women 20-24 years old to 1.5% among women 40-44 years of age. The use of IUDs increased from 6% in the youngest age group to nearly 40% among women aged 30-39 years of age. Oral contraceptives were preferentially used by childless women or those with only one child, while IUDs were most often used by women with two or more children. The sterilisation rate increased by age and in the 40-44 age group one out of every three women was sterilised. Non-use was most frequent among the subgroups of women who planned children in the future. Use of condoms and other coitus-dependent contraceptives varied less with age, marital status and parity than did the use of OC, IUDs or sterilisation.
The user pattern concerning different contraceptive methods reflects the general guidelines for contraceptives in Norway. The fact that nearly 70% of the women were in one of the three categories--OC or IUD users, or one of the partners was sterilised--reveals that the awareness and knowledge of modern contraception is high in Norwegian society.
调查挪威女性代表性样本中避孕措施的使用情况。
按年龄、婚姻状况及部分阶层划分的避孕方法频率分布。
从中央人口登记处随机选取4933名女性作为第二次挪威生育力研究（1988年）的参与者。应答率为81%（n = 4019），对2782名生育能力正常、有性生活且未怀孕的女性进行了关于避孕措施使用情况的个人访谈。这些女性构成了研究人群。
在访谈前的最后一个月，2782名女性有性生活，因此有避孕需求。超过50%的女性使用口服避孕药（21%）或宫内节育器（30%）。口服避孕药的使用率随年龄呈线性下降，从20 - 24岁女性中的60%降至40 - 44岁女性中的1.5%。宫内节育器的使用率从最年轻年龄组的6%增至30 - 39岁女性中的近40%。无子女或只有一个孩子的女性更倾向于使用口服避孕药，而有两个或更多孩子的女性最常使用宫内节育器。绝育率随年龄上升，在40 - 44岁年龄组中，每三名女性中就有一人绝育。未来有生育计划的女性亚组中不使用避孕措施的情况最为常见。与口服避孕药、宫内节育器或绝育措施的使用情况相比，避孕套及其他性交依赖型避孕措施的使用情况随年龄、婚姻状况和子女数量的变化较小。
不同避孕方法的使用模式反映了挪威避孕的总体指导原则。近70%的女性属于以下三类之一——口服避孕药或宫内节育器使用者，或一方已绝育——这一事实表明挪威社会对现代避孕方法的认知和了解程度较高。
