Harris G F, Wertsch J J
Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Orthopedics, Milwaukee.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994 Feb;75(2):216-25.
Observational gait analysis is clinically useful with videotape slow-motion replay and freeze-frame, offering significant improvement over unaided visual observation. Any form of observational gait analysis, however, has limited precision and is more descriptive than quantitative. This article reviews procedures that are available for gait analysis. Gait analysis systems have evolved from cine with manual digitization, electrogoniometry, and video technology to sophisticated automated tracking systems. When used in conjunction with biomechanical models, these systems allow quantitative analysis of many specific gait characteristics such as joint moments and powers (kinetic analysis), joint angles, angular velocities, and angular accelerations (kinematic analysis). Analysis of dynamic electromyographic activity and energy consumption adds useful clinical information to gait analysis. The combination of a careful clinical assessment and gait analysis can be a powerful tool for the clinician.
观察性步态分析在临床中借助录像带慢动作重放和定格功能很有用，比单纯的肉眼观察有显著改进。然而，任何形式的观察性步态分析精度都有限，更多是描述性而非定量性的。本文回顾了现有的步态分析程序。步态分析系统已从带有手动数字化、电子测角法和视频技术的电影摄影系统发展到复杂的自动跟踪系统。当与生物力学模型结合使用时，这些系统可对许多特定的步态特征进行定量分析，如关节力矩和功率（动力学分析）、关节角度、角速度和角加速度（运动学分析）。动态肌电图活动和能量消耗分析为步态分析增添了有用的临床信息。仔细的临床评估与步态分析相结合，对临床医生而言可能是一个强大的工具。
