Andries L J, Brutsaert D L
Department of Physiology, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
Cell Tissue Res. 1993 Jul;273(1):107-17. doi: 10.1007/BF00304617.
The cytoskeleton in endocardial endothelium of rat heart was examined by en face confocal scanning laser microscopy. In the ventricular cavity, endocardial endothelial cells had a polygonal shape and F-actin staining was generally restricted to the peripheral junctional actin band. Central F-actin bundles, or stress fibers, in endocardial endothelial cells were found on the tendon end of papillary muscles, especially in the right ventricle, and frequently in the outflow tract of both ventricles; elsewhere, stress fibers were scarce. Many endocardial endothelial cells were elongated in areas of endothelium with stress fibers, but no correlation was found between cell elongation and the number of stress fibers. An inverse correlation was found between the number of stress fibers and the surface area of endocardial endothelial cells. Shear stress as well as mechanical deformation of the surface of the ventricular wall during the cardiac cycle may affect cell shape and the organization of actin filaments in endocardial endothelial cells. Vimentin in endocardial endothelial cells formed a filamentous network with some distinct cytoplasmic and juxtanuclear vimentin bundles. No perinuclear ring of vimentin filaments was observed in endocardial endothelium. Microtubules in endocardial endothelial cells were, in contrast to endothelial cells of rat aorta, not aligned, less closely packed and originated from randomly distributed centriolar regions. The cytoskeleton has been suggested to play an important role in cellular functions of vascular endothelial cells. Accordingly, differences in the cytoskeletal organization between endocardial and vascular endothelial cells may relate to differences in functional properties.
采用表面共聚焦扫描激光显微镜对大鼠心脏心内膜内皮细胞的细胞骨架进行了研究。在心腔内，心内膜内皮细胞呈多边形，F-肌动蛋白染色通常局限于周边连接肌动蛋白带。在心内膜内皮细胞中，中央F-肌动蛋白束或应力纤维见于乳头肌腱端，尤其是右心室，且常见于两心室的流出道；其他部位应力纤维较少。在有应力纤维的内皮区域，许多心内膜内皮细胞呈细长形，但未发现细胞伸长与应力纤维数量之间存在相关性。发现应力纤维数量与心内膜内皮细胞表面积呈负相关。心动周期中心室壁表面的剪切应力以及机械变形可能会影响心内膜内皮细胞的细胞形状和肌动蛋白丝的组织。心内膜内皮细胞中的波形蛋白形成丝状网络，有一些明显的胞质和近核波形蛋白束。在心内膜内皮中未观察到波形蛋白丝的核周环。与大鼠主动脉内皮细胞不同，心内膜内皮细胞中的微管排列不整齐，排列不紧密，起源于随机分布的中心粒区域。细胞骨架被认为在血管内皮细胞的细胞功能中起重要作用。因此，心内膜和血管内皮细胞之间细胞骨架组织的差异可能与功能特性的差异有关。
