A technique for venography in chronic venous syndromes.

The technique of venography presented here is given in detail and is intended to distinguish between the specific requirements of venography of chronic and acute venous syndromes. At each of four major sections of the venous return from the lower limb, the major veins requiring evaluation are identified together with variations in technique needed to ensure that no artefacts develop. Central to the technique is the use of sustained, large volume injections of low-osmolality ionized contrast medium. The technique was used in over 2000 examinations without significant complications.