Reiss D, McCowan B
NEXA Program, San Francisco State University.
J Comp Psychol. 1993 Sep;107(3):301-12. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.107.3.301.
Two female bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and their 2 male offspring were presented with an underwater keyboard to observe how the dolphins would use such a system to obtain specific objects and activities. When a dolphin pressed visual forms on the keyboard, whistles were generated underwater, and the dolphin was given a specific object or activity. Both vocal and nonvocal behaviors were recorded. Only the males used the keyboard. In the 1st year spontaneous vocal mimicry and productive use of facsimiles of the computer-generated whistles were recorded. In the 2nd year productive use increased significantly over mimicry, and apparent combinations of discreet whistle facsimiles in behaviorally appropriate contexts were observed. The patterns of vocal mimicry and production suggest a new model for analyzing dolphin vocalizations and vocal development with respect to signal structure and organization.
两只雌性宽吻海豚（瓶鼻海豚）及其两只雄性后代被给予一个水下键盘，以观察海豚如何使用这样一个系统来获取特定物体和活动。当海豚按下键盘上的视觉图形时，水下会发出哨声，然后海豚会得到一个特定物体或进行一项特定活动。声音和非声音行为都被记录下来。只有雄性海豚使用了键盘。在第一年，记录到了自发的声音模仿以及对计算机生成哨声的模仿的有效运用。在第二年，有效运用相对于模仿有了显著增加，并且观察到在行为适当的情境中离散哨声模仿的明显组合。声音模仿和产生的模式为分析海豚发声以及与信号结构和组织相关的发声发展提供了一个新模型。
