Dobell E, Chan M, Williams P, Allman M
Department of Biochemistry, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1993 Oct;93(10):1129-35. doi: 10.1016/0002-8223(93)91644-6.
To examine and compare the food preferences of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) with those of age- and sex-matched controls.
We administered two questionnaires, one assessing preferences for 88 food items (according to a nine-point hedonic scale) and the other assessing factors influencing dietary habits.
Thirty-three patients on HD, 17 patients on CAPD, and 30 control subjects with normal renal function.
The 88 foods were grouped into 14 classes to compare preferences. Taste aversions, food preparation details, and psychological and social determinants of food intake were also compared.
The preference ratings of the HD, CAPD, and control groups were compared using analysis of variance. The dietary habits results were examined using a chi 2 analysis.
Sweet foods (P = .002), vegetables (P = .003), red meats (P = .010), and fish and poultry (P = .015) were less pleasant for patients on HD than for control subjects. Red meats (P = .019), fish and poultry (P = .032), and eggs (P = .005) were less pleasant for patients on HD than for patients on CAPD. Red meat was the most unpopular food group for all dialysis patients. The most common factor affecting dietary intake was a loss of interest in food and/or cooking.
We conclude that chronic renal failure influences patients' food preferences and food habits. Knowledge of these preferences will help dietitians plan more adequate and enjoyable diets for such patients.
研究并比较维持性血液透析（HD）患者和持续性非卧床腹膜透析（CAPD）患者与年龄及性别匹配的对照组的食物偏好。
我们发放了两份问卷，一份评估对88种食物的偏好（根据九点享乐量表），另一份评估影响饮食习惯的因素。
33例血液透析患者、17例腹膜透析患者和30例肾功能正常的对照者。
将88种食物分为14类以比较偏好。还比较了味觉厌恶、食物制备细节以及食物摄入的心理和社会决定因素。
使用方差分析比较血液透析组、腹膜透析组和对照组的偏好评分。使用卡方分析检查饮食习惯结果。
与对照组相比，血液透析患者对甜食（P = .002）、蔬菜（P = .003）、红肉（P = .010）以及鱼和家禽（P = .015）的喜好程度较低。与腹膜透析患者相比，血液透析患者对红肉（P = .019）、鱼和家禽（P = .032）以及鸡蛋（P = .005）的喜好程度较低。红肉是所有透析患者最不喜欢的食物类别。影响饮食摄入的最常见因素是对食物和/或烹饪失去兴趣。
我们得出结论，慢性肾衰竭会影响患者的食物偏好和饮食习惯。了解这些偏好将有助于营养师为这类患者制定更合适且令人愉悦的饮食计划。
