Salthouse T A
School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology.
J Gerontol. 1993 Jan;48(1):P29-36. doi: 10.1093/geronj/48.1.p29.
Two studies were conducted to determine the relative importance of processing speed and knowledge as predictors of performance in simple verbal tasks within samples of young and old adults. Eight different criterion tasks were investigated, and performance on each was found to be significantly related both to speed of processing and to quantity of word knowledge. It was also discovered that although young adults were faster than old adults and that old adults were equal or superior to young adults in relevant knowledge, the same regression equations could be used to predict criterion performance in both groups. These results therefore suggest that any age-related compensation that exists in these tasks is rather weak, in the sense that speed and knowledge appear to have the same importance in young and old adults, and only the average levels of the predictors differ as a function of age.
进行了两项研究，以确定在年轻人和老年人样本中，处理速度和知识作为简单语言任务表现预测指标的相对重要性。研究了八项不同的标准任务，发现每项任务的表现都与处理速度和词汇知识量显著相关。还发现，尽管年轻人比老年人处理速度快，且老年人在相关知识方面与年轻人相当或更胜一筹，但相同的回归方程可用于预测两组的标准表现。因此，这些结果表明，在这些任务中存在的任何与年龄相关的补偿都相当微弱，因为速度和知识在年轻人和老年人中似乎具有相同的重要性，只是预测指标的平均水平因年龄而异。
