Bowers B B, Bledsoe A E, Burghardt G M
Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
J Comp Psychol. 1993 Mar;107(1):25-33. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.107.1.25.
Several models suggest that animals perform a stable sequence of responses during increasing threat from a potential predator. To test the comparative utility of such models, 45 garter and ribbon snakes from four species (genus Thamnophis) were given an antipredator behavior test in which the snakes were exposed to a series of five levels of escalating threat: (a) threat is out of view, (b) threat looms over arena, (c) threat is nonmoving human hand near snake's head, (d) threat is moving human hand, and (e) threat is experimenter's tapping the snake's body. Five different antipredator behaviors were measured. It was found that both qualitative and quantitative changes in behavior occurred between threat levels. However, species differences were also found in the occurrence and amount of every behavior recorded, which indicates that even closely related species may differ in behaviors exhibited in different phases of a predatory encounter.
几种模型表明，在来自潜在捕食者的威胁增加期间，动物会执行一系列稳定的反应。为了测试此类模型的比较效用，对来自四个物种（束带蛇属）的45条袜带蛇和丝带蛇进行了反捕食者行为测试，在该测试中，蛇被暴露于一系列五个级别的不断升级的威胁中：(a) 威胁不可见，(b) 威胁笼罩在场地之上，(c) 威胁是靠近蛇头的静止的人手，(d) 威胁是移动的人手，以及 (e) 威胁是实验者轻拍蛇的身体。测量了五种不同的反捕食者行为。结果发现，在不同威胁级别之间，行为发生了定性和定量的变化。然而，在所记录的每种行为的发生情况和数量上也发现了物种差异，这表明即使是亲缘关系密切的物种，在捕食遭遇的不同阶段所表现出的行为也可能不同。
