儿童的如厕习惯与大小便失禁：寻找正常参数的机会抽样研究
Toilet habits and continence in children: an opportunity sampling in search of normal parameters.
作者信息
Bloom D A, Seeley W W, Ritchey M L, McGuire E J
机构信息
Department of Surgery/Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
出版信息
J Urol. 1993 May;149(5):1087-90. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)36304-8.
An opportunity sampling of 1,192 children regarding parameters of toilet training and elimination status was obtained by interview and questionnaire. Toilet training ages ranged from 0.75 to 5 years, with a mean of 2.4 +/- 0.6 years (standard deviation). Voiding frequency was inversely related to age; most children between 3 and 12 years old urinated 5 to 6 times per day. Influences of gender, urinary infections and parental recall were investigated. Nocturnal and diurnal enuresis was reported in 18% and 10% of our sample, respectively. Bowel movements per week ranged from 1 to 21, with a mean of 6.8 +/- 2.5.
通过访谈和问卷调查，对1192名儿童进行了机会抽样，了解其如厕训练参数和排泄状况。如厕训练年龄范围为0.75至5岁，平均年龄为2.4±0.6岁（标准差）。排尿频率与年龄呈负相关；大多数3至12岁的儿童每天排尿5至6次。研究了性别、泌尿系统感染和父母回忆的影响。在我们的样本中，分别有18%和10%的儿童报告有夜间和日间遗尿。每周排便次数从1至21次不等，平均为6.8±2.5次。
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